Macroeconomic Policies

Macroeconomic Policies An overview of the crisis and its impacts The 2008 global recession hit hard at many developed economies, of which, the United Kingdom is included (United Nations, 2009, p.39). Primarily, there was noticeable instability that diffused in a multiple sectors such as housing, banking, financial markets and then into all the other sectors.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Macroeconomic Policies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The crisis did not only surge into developed countries, but also broke through their boundaries getting into developing nations, where the long term economic progress in those nations was greatly interrupted. Given that majority of the poor people were from developing countries, their economic stability is likely to be greatly affected incase of such a global credit crunch. One of the effects will be a decline in exports due to a decelerating economic pace at this period. Secondly, since the fa ll in export trade was expected to be higher in advanced economies compared to developing economies, the latter’s terms of trade are likely to drop incase of a crisis especially due to a decline in non – oil exports (Lin, 2008, p.7). Thirdly, due to a drop in the number of external sources of finance for investment, the level of investment in many economies faced a major decline during this period. A slackening in labor markets caused most employees to either lose their jobs or have adverse cut on their earnings. Declining house prices, debt and house repossessions were some of the impacts in the United Kingdom (Springett and Ledwith, 2009, p.52). An investment rush was already in place five years before the crisis in most of these economies. A decline in investment funding made most of these projects to be incomplete, leading to the inability of banks to recover loans. On the other hand, completion of these projects resulted to overproduction due to global slowdown he nce leading to deflation. A collection of all these aspects led to decline in the Gross Domestic Product of most developing countries (Lin, 2008, p.8). It is on the basis of these negative effects of the global recession that the group of twenty countries (G-20) met in the United Kingdom to come up with new macroeconomic policy mechanisms in response to the recession.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More International coordination The first macroeconomic policy established by UK was international coordination (IMF staff, 2009. p. 12). At first, it was inadequate, but as the recession aggravated, many attempts were made to enhance enlightenment and cooperation. Even though the advantages are acknowledged, internal difficulties have occasionally superceded over the attempts of such coordination. As the crisis subside and the demand for unusual defensive measures redu ce, the demand for international policy measures may rise as the United Kingdom start unrolling crises control policies. Two main hurdles emerge, one of them being that the domestic cooperation between government agencies in the devising and implementation of unwinding policies may be buttressed. Two, systems for organization in the United Kingdom must be stepped up so that geocentricism does not choke the attempts of normalizing the global economic set up. International decision making bodies like the International Monetary Fund could implement such efforts in enhancing both shared enlightenment and cooperation between the United Kingdom and other nations (Truman, 2009, p.5). The effectives and credibility of this policy can be enhanced through efficient communication of the policy objectives by the United Kingdom authorities. This will go a long way into directing personal anticipations elucidating changes to be adjusted in line with policy making. The current move by Britain to a llow foreign investment within its boundaries is perhaps a move to implement this policy (The Economist, 2010) Diagnosis The second policy involves diagnosis. Just like other countries, the United Kingdom is using diverse mechanisms to diagnose the situation surrounding its financial set up. This entails an appraisal of the potency of the main borrowers, an evaluation of the credibility of the banks’ business models and the projection for medium term benefits in the upcoming economic actuality emanating from the recession. Instead, the United Kingdom has depended on the stress tests to assess the type and size of risks that can destabilize its financial set ups (Wilkinson, Spong and Christenson, 2009, p. 51). This has led to non – public announcement of its actions.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Macroeconomic Policies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More During the first quarter of 2009, the United Kingdom carried out stress tests on main banks. Although the results were not made public, they were used to ascertain role playing in Asset protection Scheme (IMF staff, 2009. p.13). Following the use of stress tests in the United Kingdom, other countries emulated the same move. Stress tests may not effectively evaluate the medium – term strength of a financial organization. Response to shocks, though an imperative element in such an assessment, leaves out vital components such as the ability of main borrowers, the feasibility of the business representation and the aggressive level of the firm. Secondly, stress tests alone are not enough and should be combined with well established emergency funding strategies (The European Department, 2008, p. 27). For these reasons, the United Kingdom may deem fit applying another approach for evaluating the medium – term capability of its financial organizations. Like other developing economies, the United Kingdom chose not to publ ish the outcome of the stress tests conducted on its banks. This is based on fears that if reasonable but stern stresses are used, these indicators may be interpreted as economic anticipations. Making the results public could however deteriorate trust in the economy. Additionally, concerns about market responses may cause the nation to under evaluate the weaknesses of its financial institutions. Credit Guarantees The third macroeconomic policy that UK initiated was creditor guarantees. There was an increased insurance deposit amount which was aimed at raising compensation covers. In most cases, the government also introduced blanket debt guarantees. This minimized fears concerning counterparty risk, enhancing accessibility to market funding. United Kingdom was applied this program on a large scale. The guarantee policy was very effective in improving market entrance. General bond issuance rose during the first three months of 2009 in the United Kingdom.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More By guaranteeing creditors about the willingness of the government to boost the financial mechanisms, general trust began coming back during early 2009. Consequently, there was an increase in remittance of non-guaranteed debts, indicating increased admittance to market financing. Capital injection Fourthly, there was capital support from the government. The amount of government capital injection was higher before the second quarter of 2009 than it was before this time (Lambek and Amtil, 2009, p.24). This was perhaps meant to offset the economic imbalances that had been caused by the 2007 recession (Xiao, 2009. p. 6). With respect to the establishment of the bank stabilization programme, the United Kingdom government committed itself to the release of three emergency packages that included payments towards those who had been unemployed and tax exemptions on house sales (The Economist, 2008). The reduced public spending for recapitalization may not be maintained. The Stress tests may b ring out other unrecognized deficiencies that ought to be dealt with. Additionally, two occurrences could raise the demand for capital support. One, the global economic distress while appearing to be subsiding could lead to banks registering more Non-performing Loans. Two, latest changes in accounting that restrict a market-to-market requirement could recur, bringing about the aspect of asset price instability and the need for buttressing capital shields. Incase the private markets cannot be able to raise such capital requirements, and then use of public resources may then be employed. Management of distressed assets There was the asset management policy where distressed assets were handled in two different ways. Whereas some of the assets held in the financial books were guaranteed, others were removed. With respect to guarantees, the United Kingdom launched a program to handle this (IMF staff, 2009, p.18). Although the program is closed, the final transactions with two of its bank s are in a limbo. During the first quarter of 2009, the United Kingdom devised mechanisms of dealing with distressed assets. The mechanism did not entail removing the assets from the balance sheet like was the case of the United States, but it rather involved cushion against losses on various groups of assets above a certain brink. Although guaranteeing assets provides sufficient time to restructure distressed property, it may not necessarily be the best alternative of restoring confidence in the financial institutions. Guarantees are only effective if there are anticipations that the value of the asset will be restored. Such guarantees may enable financial institutions that are closer to their borrowers to restructure assets. Additionally, if the bank is able to access the advantages of risk transfer via guarantees, then inducement to do away with the assets may decline. However, there may also be circumstances under which guarantees may not be efficient thus calling for fresh atte mpts to get off distressed assets from the banks’ transactions. One of the reasons as to why removal of assets has not been stressed is that accounting regulations have restricted price unpredictability emanating from market-to-market asset prices. Another reason to continue applying asset removal mechanisms is that some assets especially those that are complex in nature may not be easy to resolve and for that matter, may overstay in the bank records making it difficult for banks to continue registering profits. Thirdly, acuity of bank soundness could be encouraged by removal of assets hence formalizing the true value of losses to see to it that those losses that are problematic are dealt with. Moreover, removal of these assets will make it easy for banks to focus on their future activities without having to deal with such problematic property (Ait-Sahalia, et al, 2009, p.9). Monetary policy Interest rate cuts were coordinated by central banks during the time of global crisis . This was done to a larger extent than had been done before. This had the biggest impact in comparison to other types of economic policies put in place to respond to global recession (IMF working paper, 2009, p.17). Reference List Ait-Sahalia, Y. et al. 2009. Market Response to Policy Initiatives during the Global Financial Crisis. Web. International Monetary Fund staff. 2009. Updated Stocktaking of the G-20 Responses to the Global Crisis: A Review of Publicly Announced Programs for the Banking System. Web. IMF Working Paper. 2009. How to Stop a Herd of Running Bears? Market Response to Policy Initiatives during the Global Financial Crisis. Web. Lambek, P. A., 2009. AMTIL – The Source. NY: AMTIL Publishers. Web. Lin, J. Y., 2008. The Impact of the Financial Crisis on Developing countries. Web. Springett, M. and Ledwith, J., 2009. Participatory Practice: Community-Based Action for Transformative Change. OR: The Policy Press. Web. The Economist. 2010. Foreign Takeovers in Brit ain. Web. The European Department. 2008. United Kingdom: Staff Report. International Monetary Fund. Web. Truman, E., 2009. The IMF and the global crisis: Role and Reform: Peterson Institute for International Economics. Web. United Nations. 2009. World Economic Situation and Prospects 2009. Web. Wilkinson, J., Spong, K. and Christenson, J., 2009. Financial Stability Reports: How Useful During a Financial Crisis? Web. Xiao, Y., 2009. IMF working Paper: French banks Amid the Global Financial Crisis. Web.

Word Choice Anymore vs. Any More - Proofeds Writing Tips Blog

Word Choice Anymore vs. Any More Word Choice: Anymore vs. Any More How much difference can one little space make? Well, with the words â€Å"anymore† and â€Å"any more,† it can be the difference between using a term correctly and having errors in your writing! Good news, though! Your work will be free from mistakes if you follow our vocabulary advice. Anymore (No Longer) Who wouldnt want more of this? When written as a single word, â€Å"anymore† is an adverb that means â€Å"no longer.† For example: Nobody cares about vaudeville anymore. Here, we suggest that people have stopped caring about vaudeville (a sad truth). The adverb â€Å"anymore† is therefore modifying the verb â€Å"cares.† In all cases, â€Å"anymore† refers to time. This term used to be written as two words, but in modern English the one-word version is standard. Any More (An Indefinite Quantity) When the words â€Å"any† and â€Å"more† are separate, they refer to an indefinite quantity of something. This phrase is therefore used as a determiner, such as in the following: I cannot stand to see any more Broadway musicals. In this sentence, using â€Å"any more† allows the speaker to say that they don’t want to see another musical without specifying a number. It also implies that they have already seen at least some Broadway musicals, as otherwise they would not need to say â€Å"more.† Language from Across the Pond†¦ As usual, British English is a bit behind the times. Consequently, the single word â€Å"anymore† is less common over there than it is here, so you might want to avoid it if you are writing for the Queen. Her Majesty is not amused by modern grammar.(Photo: Foreign Commonwealth Office/flickr) Anymore or Any More? These terms look similar on paper, but each has a special use. The key is that the one-word term â€Å"anymore† always means â€Å"no longer,† so it is always related to time. The two-word version, meanwhile, always refers to a quantity of something. Remember: Anymore = Time Any more = Quantity

Meaning of Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Meaning of Life - Essay Example Besides these tortures, he encountered constant threats of being thrown into the gas ovens probably because of his physical appearance. However, in spite of the experiences he faced in the three camps that he served, he emerged as a visionary person. His reason for being optimistic was that human beings hold the freedom of choosing the manner in which they view the circumstances they undergo on a daily basis. Therefore, they create meaning from such circumstances. Frankl outlined three experiences that the prisoners went through after their arrival at the concentration camps, during their stay there and after they were freed from the camps. After realizing where they had been taken to and the reason for their transfer, the first experience that the prisoners felt was the shock. Later, the shock would be replaced by a second experience. The experience would be the phase of psychological reaction as well as apathy. These were the necessary methods that the prisoners would use to cope with the abuse that they received from their supervisors. During this stage, the fear of death was no longer the prisoners’ concern. On the contrary, the part that was most painful was the insults that they received. The prisoners would be given uniforms that were more of rags (Frankl, 7-26). Also, they would be issued with shoes most of which did not fit them. Those who had reported with better shoes had no choice but to give them to the SS guards or risk s evere punishments. At a time, the prisoners were forced to walk bare footed on the snow since their shoes had been worn out. The author describes a twelve-year-old boy who he saw being taken to the sickbay. The boy had been forced to stand attention on the snow bear footed for hours because there were no shoes for him at the camp. The results were that the boy’s toes got some frostbites. Frankl writes that there was a frequent

Content Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Content Analysis - Essay Example This essay shall revolve around the thesis that news coverage in two websites would be different because of the specific social, cultural, and political undertones impacting on the website. Examples from evidence gathered shall help support this thesis. This essay shall gather its evidence for 10 days by browsing through news websites to peruse political and other news. Specific news items shall be chosen and then compared to other perspectives or news items from other websites. This process shall be carried out with different websites from western and Asian settings choosing within the time period for data gathering. A comparative analysis of the news articles shall follow this data gathering process. Main Body News terms and definitions There are different terms which need to be defined before this comparative analysis can proceed. Firstly, news agenda refers to the list of news items or topics which editors would choose to follow. The news values on the other hand refer to the imp ortance which is allocated on a certain news item. Sources are the individuals and other relevant items where the information would be gathered. Aljazeera and BBC These two news outlets are considered trusted international networks with the British Broadcasting Corporation being the most extensive news outlet in the world. It is considered a public corporation with measures undertaken in order to ensure its independence from the government (Briggs, 1985). It transmits to millions of homes worldwide, including hotels, resorts, and is now easily accessed via phones. Aljazeera on the other hand is a news outlet based on Qatar and was designed mostly to focus on Arab news and events (Seib, 2008). It is also the largest news outlet in the Middle East, mostly offering an Asian, mostly Middle East Asian perspective on the news. It also runs 24 hours a day with coverage in other countries expanding through the internet (Seib, 2008). This news outlet mostly highlights a less western influenc ed perspective on current events and affairs. Aljazeera and CNN In comparing the content of Aljazeera and CNN, the Aljazeera news provides a more international variety in its news while the CNN is more US and western focused (Flournoy and Stewart, 1997). Where other perspectives on the news are sought, the reader needs to go to the regional levels of their news outlet, including CNN News Asia where the Asian news can be seen. For Aljazeera, the focus is understandably the Middle East, however, they also include the international news in their front pages (Maalouf, 2008). News Agenda The news agenda is dominated by the Syria issue. In news outlets like CNN and Aljazeera, the threat of a nuclear arms threat from Syria has been discussed, and the position of the US on the issue has been dominant in the news agenda as several related articles have been seen in the past 10 days in these news outlets. The news agenda also includes various discussions and opinions on the Syria issue from t he perspective of the US and the rest of the world, including Britain, Russia, and Syria itself. The brewing nuclear threat has been emphasized in the articles, and seems to mimic the same pathway by which the Second Gulf War with Iraq eventually unfolded, with UN nuclear inspections being suggested by the international community and demands by the US President for the international community to take more decisive actions on the issue. UN inspections have been carried out on Syria, however, the international

Three Pigs Corporation Essay Example for Free

Three Pigs Corporation Essay * Relevant Facts 1. There are essentially three major categories of hog inventory—live hogs ready for sale, developing animals, and processed pork products. 2. Not all live hogs in other locations that cannot be easily transported and processed at the Company’s main processing plants. As a result, these live hogs must be sold to third parties at spot market prices. 3. There are several factors, including increased supply of pork due to the capture of the Big Bad Wolf, have lead to the declining prices for their live hog on the spot market. * Solution Analysis Complying with the periodicity assumption and the conservative principle, marking inventories down will better reflect the value of the inventory. There are several parts mentioned the inventory impairment in ARB43, Ch.4 Par.9: The rule of cost or market whichever is lower is intended to provide a means of measuring the remaining usefulness of an inventory expenditure. Inventory losses from market declines should not be deferred beyond the interim period in which the decline occurs. There are four alternatives to deal with this inventory case of the Company. i) Under the lower of cost or market method on a total inventory basis GAAP requires that the inventory be written down to the lower of cost or market when substantial evidence exists that market prices will recover before the inventory is sold. A write-down is generally required unless the decline is due to seasonal price fluctuations (FASB Cod. # 270-10-45-6). In this case, if it can be determined that the future prices for lean hogs decline only for a temporary period and will recover before the end of the fiscal year, the inventory could be record on a total inventory basis. However, IRS regulations say the types of items to be included in the same pool should be â€Å"substantially similar.† It seems that the three major categories of hog inventory are quite different products. It is not appropriate enough to put all of them into a single pool. ii) Under the lower of cost or market method based on end product category The method that marking down only live hogs that cannot be processed into pork products seems to be reasonable to some extents. The live hogs processing at the Company’s main processing plants do not need to make cost adjustment because the spot market does not affect their price while the other hogs that cannot be processed have to be marked down to reflect the value. ARB43, Ch.4 Par.11 â€Å"If there is only one end-product category the cost utility of the total stockThe inventory in its entiretymay have the greatest significance for accounting purposes.† However, there are three categories in this case. And the developing animals and live hogs to be processed internally and to be sold to third parties are not different in nature. Even though they will be with different price because of the different processed method, it is not appropriate to evaluate them separately. iii) Under the lower of cost or market method on an individual basis to the extent possible Although there are some advantages to evaluate at the individual level, such as accuracy, it is not a practical way. Firstly, the specific identification method may be practical only in a few situations in which units are costly and can be easily distinguished. The cost of each individual is not identifiable in this kind of complex manufacturing and retailing situation. Secondly, the method may become too expensive to use as the increase of the volume and the cost of record keeping. Thirdly, the amount of profit varies even though the units of inventory are identical. The ability of earnings management is not allowed under GAAP. iv) Under the lower of cost or market method by inventory category To evaluate the impairment of inventory under the lower of cost or market method by inventory category seems to be the most practical and reasonable method in this case. The lower of cost or market method is accurate only if the goods in the inventory are perfectly homogeneous. The Company’s inventory of three categories meets this criterion here. Markups and markdowns do not exist at the same time and all the marked-down items will be sold by the end of this fiscal year. * Conclusion My recommendation is that all hogs are impaired and can be marked down to reflect the value using the LCM by inventory category. Based on the analysis above, this seems to be the most appropriate method that would most accurately reflect the intent of US GAAP. * Interim reporting Interim financial information is essential to provide investors and others with timely information as to the progress of the entity. However, GAAP states clearly that temporary market declines need not be recognized at the interim date since no loss is expected to incur in the fiscal year. If the company recognizes a decline and then reverses it in a later interim period, it should recognize a loss recovery and increase the inventory value by the amount of the recovery, but only up to the original cost (FASB Cod. #270-10-45). In this case, the inventory price is expected to be recovered by the end of this fiscal year and should be sufficient to recover the cost of the Company’s inventory. Such temporary declines do not need to report in the interim report.

We Need Corporal Punishment in the Classroom Essay examples -- Pro Spa

Thesis: Educators should be allowed to use some forms of mild physical discipline in order to ensure that schools remain safe, structured environments where all children can learn effectively. Violent crime in U.S. schools is a real problem despite tough safety measures. As such, it is increasingly important that teachers and administrators are able to take steps to manage student misbehavior and prevent small infractions from escalating into more serious threats. The occasional spanking can be an extremely effective means of reducing disruptions, and many expert psychologists and pediatricians agree that it has not been shown to have any appreciable negative effects on children, nor does it encourage aggressive behavior. Corporal punishment is most effective when policies regarding its use are clearly communicated and strictly followed, when both parents and students are made aware in advance of the consequences of various infractions, and when spanking or paddling is used judiciously and as a last resort when other options have not delivered results. School Violence is All Too Real In an ideal world, schools would be the safest place for children when they are outside their own homes. Schools would function as stimulating, creative havens of education and exploration where all students were equally able to learn in an atmosphere of peaceful study. Although many schools do manage to live up to this vision, the reality is that violent crimes regularly take place on school grounds all across the United States, including over twenty in the 2004-2005 school year alone. Despite ever tougher safety measures, such as the installation of metal detectors, the adoption of zero-tolerance policies, and police officers on campus, our n... ...ailed reviews of the scientific literature on corporal punishment and notes that the body of research on the subject show that the negative effects of spankings are similar to those of other disciplinary tactics. Further, when practiced infrequently, spanking can actually be more effective than other measures of discipline at reducing certain types of behavior. Conclusion Centuries of common sense and many scientific studies indicate that there is nothing intrinsically harmful about corporal punishment if it is used as one out of many possible options for disciplining children when they risk the safety of others. Teachers and school officials should not be criticized for taking steps to maintain the safety and order of the school environment, especially if the occasional spanking helps to prevent more serious and potentially dangerous misconduct down the line.

Workplace Project Action Plan

PLEASE USE THIS FORM FOR YOUR ACTION PLANThe purpose of the workplace project (and this course) is to develop an awareness of the health disparities and the barriers vulnerable populations face/endure in seeking and obtaining health care and achieving wellness. The focus is the barriers presented by the health care providers. Your presentation needs to address those barriers by providing information/education targeted towards changing their preconceived perceptions or bias of a specific vulnerable population to effect a positive change in health care delivery/intervention in the future. Your action plan should state your objective of your educational intervention and describe what you are going to do to achieve that objective. This includes the type, if any, audio/visual aid, or a teaching plan. Try to be as specific as possible.Vulnerable population: ElderlyObjective of your teaching initiative: What are you going to teach to your staff? Barriers the elderly face accessing healthcar e after discharge. Why are you addressing this particular population? Our unit takes care of mainly elderly patients.What are the barriers this population faces: What is your staff's barriers/bias toward this population? Workplace Project Action Plan: Toni R. CrankPLEASE USE THIS FORM FOR YOUR ACTION PLANThe purpose of the workplace project (and this course) is to develop an awareness of the health disparities and the barriers vulnerable populations face/endure in seeking and obtaining health care and achieving wellness. The focus is the barriers presented by the health care providers. Your presentation needs to address those barriers by providing information/education targeted towards changing their preconceived perceptions or bias of a specific vulnerable population to effect a positive change in health care delivery/intervention in the future. Your action plan  should state your objective of your educational intervention and describe what you are going to do to achieve that obj ective. This includes the type, if any, audio/visual aid, or a teaching plan. Try to be as specific as possible.Vulnerable population: ElderlyObjective of your teaching initiative: What are you going to teach to your staff? Barriers the elderly face accessing healthcare after discharge. Why are you addressing this particular population? Our unit takes care of mainly elderly patients.What are the barriers this population faces: What is your staff's barriers/bias toward this population? The staff’s barriers or biases to this population are mainly assumption that they have family/friends upon discharge home to aid them. Also, I do not feel that the staff assesses their discharge needs as thoroughly as they should.What audio/media tool do you intend to use? BrochureWhat three concepts from this course do you plan to incorporate in your presentation? The concepts I will incorporate are vulnerability, Watson's Theory of Caring, and assessment tools.Please remember the focus of this assignment is to overcome any existing bias or preconceived perceptions your staff may have toward this population in an effort to improve the health outcomes of this population. .What audio/media tool do you intend to use? BrochureWhat three concepts from this course do you plan to incorporate in your presentation? The concepts I will incorporate are vulnerability, Watson's Theory of Caring, and assessment tools. Please remember the focus of this assignment is to overcome any existing bias or preconceived perceptions your staff may have toward this population in an effort to improve the health outcomes of this population. Workplace Project Action Plan The purpose of the workplace project (and this course) is to develop an awareness of the health disparities and the barriers vulnerable populations face/endure in seeking and obtaining health care and achieving wellness. The focus is the barriers presented by the health care providers. Your presentation needs to address those barriers by providing information/education targeted towards changing their preconceived perceptions or bias of a specific vulnerable population to effect a positive change in health care delivery/intervention in the future. Your action plan should state your objective of your educational intervention and describe what you are going to do to achieve that objective. This includes the type, if any, audio/visual aid, or a teaching plan. Try to be as specific as possible.Vulnerable population: ElderlyObjective of your teaching initiative: What are you going to teach to your staff? Barriers the elderly face accessing healthcare after discharge. Why are you addressing this particular population? Our unit takes care of mainly elderly patients.What are the barriers this population faces: What is your staff's barriers/bias toward this population? Workplace Project Action Plan: Toni R. CrankPLEASE USE THIS FORM FOR YOUR ACTION PLANThe purpose of the workplace project (and this course) is to develop an awareness of the health disparities and the barriers vulnerable populations face/endure in seeking and obtaining health care and achieving wellness. The focus is the barriers presented by the health care providers. Your presentation needs to address those barriers by providing information/education targeted towards changing their preconceived perceptions or bias of a specific vulnerable population to effect a positive change in health care delivery/intervention in the future. Your action plan should state your objective of your educational intervention and describe what you are going to do to achieve that objective. This includes the type, if any, audi o/visual aid, or a teaching plan. Try to be as specific as possible.Vulnerable population: ElderlyObjective of your teaching initiative: What are you going to teach to your staff? Barriers the elderly face accessing healthcare after discharge. Why are you addressing this particular population? Our unit takes care of mainly elderly patients.What are the barriers this population faces: What is your staff's barriers/bias toward this population? The staff’s barriers or biases to this population are mainly assumption that they have family/friends upon discharge home to aid them. Also, I do not feel that the staff assesses their discharge needs as thoroughly as they should.What audio/media tool do you intend to use? BrochureWhat three concepts from this course do you plan to incorporate in your presentation? The concepts I will incorporate are vulnerability, Watson's Theory of Caring, and assessment tools.Please remember the focus of this assignment is to overcome any existing bias or preconceived perceptions your staff may have toward this population in an effort to improve the health outcomes of this population. .What audio/media tool do you intend to use? BrochureWhat three concepts from this course do you plan to incorporate in your presentation? The concepts I will incorporate are vulnerability, Watson's Theory of Caring, and assessment tools. Please remember the focus of this assignment is to overcome any existing bias or preconceived perceptions your staff may have toward this population in an effort to improve the health  outcomes of this population.

Cheating on College Examinations

Any form of cheating is a form of dishonesty. It is an act of accomplishing something in an unethical behavior. Cheating is used in any kinds of exams, especially college exams. Does it really happen? Sure it does. We argue that many college students cheat during examinations because of several reasons. They can be nervous that is why they cheat, it can also be a reason of time management wherein some college students also work while taking time to attend school classes or, maybe they are Just lazy enough to study ahead of examination date.There are a lot of reasons why cheating on college exams happens and along with it, there are numerous effects out of cheating. Whatever the reason behind cheating, still it is an act of dishonesty and unethical conduct; besides the reality that cheating on college exams is also cheating yourself. Cheating on College Exams One of the most common reasons why student cheats on college exams is that he just forgot to study, so it is more likely that h e will cheat, but as an effect, there is a high possibility that his teacher might catch him while doing it or even worse, fail the xam after cheating because of different set of examinations.Another common reason for cheating is to complete the course as shortly as doable. In todays world, once you look into the word cheating you'll be able to realize several definitions and meanings for it. Everyone contains a completely different definition for the word cheating. Students will always find the way to cheat with the use of reference materials or by obtaining the solutions ahead of time to be ready for a closed book test. Some students pay others to complete their schoolwork. Cheating could be a concern for all colleges and teachers.Students forever find the way to avoid the results of cheating, notwithstanding how rigorously colleges work to stop it. For some students, cheating is an easy way to get better grades. Although several students assume that their individual dishonesty wo n't have an effect on anyone else, negative outcomes would still have impacts towards their personal knowledge. One impact of student cheating is that they are not learning accordingly. Some students get into the cheating habits, they do not study and in the long run, this habit affects their career development.Once the student decides to cheat, he could or might not understand he material. What a student fails to understand is that the material that the course is covering could be a necessity to use in daily life. Whatever the student doesn't learn within the course as a result of cheating can have an effect on them to get an employment with a decent pay, as a result of the fact that the student never learned the course material. Once a student takes an exam, its results are supposed to show the amount of information learned that the student has on the material that his course offers.In fact, there would be no employer who will keep someone that has no he numerous negative outcomes that cheating provides aside from not being true and honest to their self, which surely will have negative effect on students. Cheating on college exams has an effect on students one time or another throughout their school life. As mentioned, no good comes from college exam cheating because in doing this, you are cheating yourself. Once caught during college exams, a consequence comes in.As a result, a student may receive the maximum punishment their teacher can give, especially those who are hard on their students. On the other hand, there are teachers who are quite lenient with their students. Minimal unishment such as warning may be given to the student as an effect of cheating. However, cheating on college exam is commonly occurring if the student lacks effort with their studies. Students may not be able to attend his class due to some reasons, leading them to cheat during examination.Whatever the reasons for absence are, the point is they are not likely to pass through their o wn knowledge besides the fact that it will be more complex for them to cope with the upcoming lectures. That reality, which shows students who want to pass on the subjects that they find difficult for them, is also another cause why they cheat on college exam. There are times that a student, no matter how hard he studies, still finds it hard to cope with lectures in a specific subject causing him to cheat during exams.A student may also be forced to cheat if there is a parental expectation regarding his grades. Another common reason why they cheat on college exam is because of the other students who also cheat, especially when they found out that the head of the class also cheats making them realize that cheating will give them better grades. If this is the case an effect would be more and more students will be attempted to cheat during exams rovided that the first one who committed it was not caught.Conclusion Cheating on college exams is one of the most common behaviors that some students do. A cheater may find it helpful as it may lessen his or her effort to pass the exam, hence getting higher grade is possible without an effort if they cheat. Yes, it can help a student, but it will Just be a temporary help because cheating on exams will never help them learn, which is opposed to their primary purpose of attending college course. Additionally, cheating without learning is like admitting your weakness and letting the learning opportunity pass through your hands.

Using the Each Method in Ruby

Using the Each Method in Ruby Every array and hash in Ruby is an object, and every object of these types has a set of built-in methods. Programmers new to Ruby can learn about how to use the each method with an array and a hash by following the simple examples presented here. Using the Each Method With an Array Object in Ruby First,  create an array object by assigning the array to stooges. stooges [Larry, Curly, Moe] Next, call the each method and create a small block of code to process the results. stooges.each { |stooge| print stooge \n } This code  produces the following output: Larry Curly Moe The each method takes two arguments- an element and a block. The element, contained within the pipes, is similar to a placeholder. Whatever you put inside the pipes is used in the block to represent each element of the array in turn. The block is the line of code that is executed on each of the array items  and is handed the element to process. You can easily extend the code block to multiple lines by using do to define a larger block: stuff.each do |thing| print thing print \n end This is the same as the first example, except that the block is defined as everything after the element (in pipes) and before the end statement. Using the Each Method With a Hash Object Just like the  array object, the  hash object  has an  each  method that can be used to apply a block of code on each item in the hash.  First, create a simple  hash object  that contains some contact information: contact_info { name Bob, phone 111-111-1111 } Then, call the  each  method and create a single line block of code to process and print the results. contact_info.each { |key, value| print key value \n } This produces the following output: name Bob phone 111-111-1111 This works exactly like the  each method  for an  array object  with one crucial difference. For a hash, you create  two  elements- one for the  hash  key and one for the value. Like the array, these elements are placeholders that are used to pass each  key/value  pair into the code block as  Ruby loops  through the hash. You can easily extend the code block to multiple lines by using  do  to define a larger block: contact_info.each do |key, value| print print key value print \nend This is the same as the first hash example, except that the  block  is defined as everything after the elements (in pipes) and before the  end  statement.

ACT Prep

Is There Asian-American Discrimination in College Admissions and SAT / ACT Prep SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Recently, there has been substantial coverage about whether colleges discriminate against Asian-Americans in admissions and even test prep. What does that mean for these students? How should such students navigate SAT / ACT prep and college admissions? This article surveys the current state of admissions and gives some tips. Disclaimer: The views expressed in this article do not necessarily represent those of PrepScholar or any affiliate. While even broaching this topic can be seen as controversial, I also believe, as an educator, that I’m responsible for giving advice that helps the greatest number of students understand the landscape. This article specifically addresses Asian-Americans applying from the US and not applicants directly applying from Asia. Introduction The intersection of race and college admissions has always been a sensitive issue, but recently it has boiled over to the front pages of newspapers. Sociology professor Thomas Espenshade writes that â€Å"To receive equal consideration by elite colleges, Asian-Americans must outperform Whites by 140 points [on the 1600-scale SAT].† Data from the National Center for Education Statistics show that, while Asians of college age doubled in the last 25 years, their enrollment rates at Ivy-League schools have stayed the same. S.B. Woo, founder of the National Asian-American Educational Foundation,concludes that the â€Å"discrimination is obvious†. Others defend using race as a factor in admissions. Director of Education Equity Khin Aung argues that considering race allows benefits of diversity such as â€Å"creating the most effective learning environment.† Jeff Neal, a spokesperson at Harvard, states that Harvard â€Å"continues to support the use of holistic admissions process," which implicitly includes race. To catch up with the current state of conversation on the topic, all you have to do is Google â€Å"Asian college admissions†. Are Asian-Americans Discriminated Against in College Admissions? The value of affirmative action is controversial, but the existence of affirmative action is undisputed. The vast majority of experts in college admissions and SAT / ACT prep agree that affirmative action exists - college admissions is not totally blind to race. Given an ACT / SAT score range, it is an empirical fact that Asian-Americans have a lower acceptance rate than the average white American in many data setssuch as the Espenshade and Radford 1997 elite college admissions data. Likewise, a survey of the admitted class of 2017 at Harvard revealed that SAT scores for Asians (including Indians) were higher than those of whites. However, as anyone who has studied statistics can tell you (and I do have a Master’s degree in the field), those facts above are correlations and not causations. They suggest, but do not prove, that an Asian-American with otherwise the same application to the same school as a white American will have a lower chance of admission. I call this the Hypothesis that being Asian Lowers Admissions Chances (HALAC). HALAC, of course, implies that being Asian means that getting into a given college will be harderfor you than for a white American. What This Article Does and Does Not Do This article will give you advice as to what an Asian-American may want to consider doing to maximize chances of college admissions. On both the front of the university and the government, policy moves too slowly for it to help most Asian-Americans with this issue. Therefore, this article doesn't take any stance on the correct institutional policies or political views as a response to HALAC. Additionally, given that causality is difficult to prove, this article doesn't take a stance on whether causally the HALAC effect exists. Instead, this article focuses on things you, as an Asian-American, can do right now to maximize your chances of being accepted into top colleges. If you read through the evidence and believe that the HALAC effect exists, then the suggestions below can be useful to you. If you Google the evidence and don't think it supports HALAC, that's fine too - the advice below will be less applicable to you in that case. What Doesn't Work Before I give you the tips for what works for Asian applicants under the HALAC effect, I will first go over what absolutely doesn’t work. First, lying doesn’t work nearly as well as you might think.What if you just don’t check the Asian box? What if you check â€Å"don’t want to disclose†? The problem is that colleges can often tell your race through other means. You do have to give colleges your legal name - if your last name is Nguyen, Lee, Kim, or Patel, for example, the admissions staff will almost certainly figure it out. What about just changing your name or making up your name? This will really get you into hot water as colleges are pretty good about calling your past teachers and running background checks on you. A good rule of thumb is this: if a casual friend who knows you would unambiguously say you’re of Asian ethnicity, it’s hard to get around it. Just put down that you’re Asian and be done with it. By telling the truth on your name and ethnicity box, you at least signal honesty. On the other hand, if you have a legitimate reason for not identifying as Asian, then you can, in fact, consider this path. Suppose you’re genetically 25% Asian and 75% Hispanic, and your parents were both born in the United States. Some college applications ask you to identify with one or as many ethnicities as you want. Under the HALAC effect you probably do want to omit Asian, if allowed. Also, mass action will rarely work to your advantage for admissions. By mass action, I mean protesting the HALAC effect, suing colleges, complaining to the government, and so forth. Colleges may be reluctant to admit a student likely to cause the administration a headache.Remember, university administration is a highly political entity. The government political process also works way too slowly. It will cost millions to fight it out in court and years to reach a judgment. If your goal is to raise your chances of admissions under the HALAC effect, I would think twice about filing an official grievance. Of course, there are other fine reasons that you may want to take mass action in the future, perhaps due to your political or ethical beliefs. However, I’m just telling you that, almost always, taking official or mass action won’t increase your personal short-term chances of getting into a certain school. Who Does This Article Apply To? This article applies much more to Americans of Asian heritage, i.e. students who have studied in the US at least a few years before they apply to college. It applies much less to students who are applying directly from another country. These latter students are better classified as international students. For them, there is a whole set of other factors that are more important - for example appetite of a college for internationalstudents, authenticity of documents, etc. Throughout this article, the term â€Å"Asian† includes Indian and other ethnically related neighbors - since the data across these groups are all similar. How You Can Combat the HALAC Effect Now that you understand what the HALAC effect is, how can you use that information to increase your chances of getting into top schools? Below are three strategies for combating the HALAC effect; read through them to learn how to maximize your chances of admission. Step 1: Account for the HALAC Effect Before you can combat the HALAC effect, first you have to find where it exists. The HALAC effect is not something that can be magically erased by easy action on your part. Therefore, in response to the HALAC effect, the first and most important thing that a student of Asian heritage should do is to account for it correctly. By this, I mean realizing that your chances of getting in are lower and planning accordingly which colleges you’ll apply to and how you’ll apply to them. Accounting for the HALAC effectmeans that you should adjust where your reach, target, and safety schools are. Instead of putting them as high as you might otherwise, target them a little lower. If you target too high, you run the risk of overshooting - not getting into the target schools of your choice and instead getting into a safety school that you didn’t spend much time researching. You should also account for the HALAC effect more at classically â€Å"elite† colleges. Colleges that are US News ranked 1-10 probably suffer most from HALAC, with the effect decreasing through colleges 10-50 in rank. The effect becomes much lower in colleges ranked above 50. In fact, most HALAC studies focus on the top colleges for exactly this reason: the effects are more concentrated and more statistically significant there. There are many potential reasons for the concentration of the HALAC effect on highly ranked colleges. Proportionally, more Asians apply to these colleges, leading to the HALAC effect when colleges diversify away from Asians. Also, these schools tend to care the most about diversity factors because they are already oversubscribed by great academic performers. These diversity factors tend to be big drivers of the HALAC effect. Conversely, a more moderately rated college will show a lesser HALAC effect because, to them, someone academically strong is itself a great asset. How do you account for the HALAC effect? One method is to apply to more colleges when doing applications. Apply to three times the number of reach schools you would otherwise and twice the number of target schools. Applying to more schools ensures that you compensate for lower chances due to HALAC. The more accurate method to account for HALAC is to just do an SAT / ACT score adjustment. That is, lower your SAT by 100 points (on the 1600 scale) or yourACT score by 2 points, and then go through the colleges you’re applying to â€Å"as if† you got your adjusted score. For example, if you really got a 1500 on your SAT, think of your chances of getting into college as if you got a 1400 instead. When you look up your chances using our â€Å"what are my chances table†, use 1400 instead of 1500. By doing this adjustment, you’ll correctly identifythe right reach, target, and safety schools. Why 100 points on the SAT and 2 points on the ACT? These are rough numbers that are closest to a large set of consensus estimates for the HALAC effect. They’re a little lower than the Espenshade study but higher than some other casual surveys. I should disclaim that these numbers are rules of thumb and not hard scientific numbers. Also, for rank 1-10 schools, you should adjust for the full 100 points, but if you’re applying to schools ranked 10-50, a rule of thumb is you can account for just a 50-point adjustment. The adjustment beyond rank 50 will be smaller still. Step 2: Combat the HALAC Effect Through Test Scores Given that Asians need a 100-point increase on the 1600-SAT to reach the same admissions chances, another way to combat the effect is just by having a higher SAT / ACT score.This does require more time and dedication, but it’s definitely possible. It’s not easy to improve by 100 points on the SAT or 2 points on the ACT. However, such improvements are definitely doable. In fact, we at PrepScholar have a 160-point guarantee for the SATand a 4-point guarantee for the ACT.You’ll need to work harder, but you can overcome the HALAC effect this way. Some stereotype Asians as studying more than usual forthe SAT / ACT. However, with their need to score higher just to have the same chances under HALAC, this behavioris much less of a surprise. Step 3: Combat the HALAC Effect Through Diversity in Other Areas To combat HALAC closer to its roots, it’s useful to examine how the HALAC effect arises. Supporters of affirmative action, including the universities themselves, always emphasize diversity as the primary goal. While one can argue about whether that is the sole goal of affirmative action, it is clear that diversity provides a strong channel to drive the HALAC effect. Looking at the diversity driver of the HALAC effect will be another key for Asians to overcome it. Under this diversity driver model, the reason HALAC occurs is because, in the eyes of admissions officers, too many Asian applicants all look the same on paper. They are too similar along too many dimensions. These applicants all do well in school, have high ACT / SAT scores, play violin or piano, and play a racketsport like tennis. Oh and, of course, they are all Asian. The problem from the point of diversity isn’t that an applicant is merely Asian, but rather that an entire host of applicants all look the same along other dimensions. A colorful but useful analogy for the diversity needs of colleges is putting horses into barn stalls. The horses represent applicants, and the barn stalls are the â€Å"spaces† and archetypes that the school has for these applicants. One stall might be labeledâ€Å"Asian, high grades, piano player† - and this stall is overfilled. But if you were white, the â€Å"white, high grades, piano player† stall is only half full! You can’t change your ethnicity, but you can definitely change your other labels, your other dimensions. It turns out that â€Å"Asian, high grades, lacrosse star† is wide open too! Why not fill that stall instead? Put in more theoretical terms, to the extent the HALAC effect is about diversity, you can generate diversity along other dimensions. Instead of being an Asian who’s a top ranked violin player (stereotypical Asian), why not try being a top guitar player? You can go further than that. While a guitar is not stereotypically Asian, it is still a very common instrument. Perhaps you are better off trying to be a top French horn player? Instead of playing badminton, why not try soccer or squash? Generally, think about what the stereotypical Asian applicant looks like. If you can be equally good along a dimension but break the stereotype, it is definitely to your advantage. Being in your state’s top 20 tennis players is probably less advantageous than being one of your state’s top 20 lacrosse players. Being a top 50 debater in your state is probably better than being a top 50 math competitor. It is important that you break the Asian stereotype in ways that are low cost to you. If you can jump from being a top 20 tennis player to a top 20 lacrosse player for free, you definitely should. But life is rarely that simple - and that’s just one of many reasons I don’t like the plain advice â€Å"appear less Asian†. What if you’re a nationally ranked tennis player and don’t know a thing about lacrosse? What if math is your passion and debating is more boring to you than breaking rocks? You have to account for the fact that breaking stereotypes can be costly. I would say that, for an Asian applicant, a rank 50 state debater is stronger than a rank 50 math competitor. But a rank 50 debater is definitely weaker than a rank 5 state math competitor and is probably equal to a rank 20 state math competitor. When it comes to top colleges, they care about what you’re best at and your natural spike. I would be extremely cautious about sacrificing your best dimension in the name of diversity. In fact, I would almost never sacrifice your spike for diversity. The take-away message is this: if you can diversify in extracurriculars at low cost, then do it. However, if you have a special talent, and it happens to be in an area that â€Å"looks Asian†, then don’t give it up. The right calibration is probably a loss of 2x in rank. If you can switch from an Asian-heavy activity to an Asian-light one and lose just 1.5x in rank (e.g. rank 20 to rank 30), then make the switch. But if you have to give up 4x in rank (rank 20 to rank 80), don’t make the switch. Summary Hopefully, the above article gives you a good sense of the unique landscape that Asian-American applicants face in United States college admissions. We started out with some background on the debate - although if you want the full story it’s best to Google the controversy yourself. Then we talked about what the data shows and whether you believe in the Hypothesis of Asians having Lower Admissions Chances. In such a case, we examined how big the HALAC effect can be (about 100 points on the SAT scale). The good news is that there are steps Asian-Americans can take to increase their chances. First, look for diversity in dimensions beyond race; look for diversity in extracurriculars. Second, it’s important to ensure that you’re strong on the SAT / ACT front to make up those 100 points. Do both of these things and you'll give yourself a much better shot at getting into your dream schools. What's Next? Want to improve your SAT score so that you have a better chance of getting into topschools? Learn how studying can get you a perfect SAT score! Wondering which extracurriculars you should join to help yourself stand out? We have guides that include hundreds of extracurriculars ideas andexamples of amazing extracurriculars that are sure to impress colleges. Want more information on what it takes to get into top schools? Learn how to get accepted to Harvard and the Ivy League, written by a Harvard alum. Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Dr. Fred Zhang About the Author Fred is co-founder of PrepScholar. He scored a perfect score on the SAT and is passionate about sharing information with aspiring students. Fred graduated from Harvard University with a Bachelor's in Mathematics and a PhD in Economics. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on how to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. 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Final Exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 6

Final Exam - Essay Example Discussing from a perspective of general logic, the four sets of quadrants or rather the four stages in the Kant’s quadrants have a relationship of form, matter and synthesis. However, it is essential to realize that Kant has an experimental view of his ideas hence resulting to a transcedental logic that opts one to describe them as formal conditions. This is the reason he is able to characterize the human mind in so many different aspects as illustrated in his pattern and in his description of the entire theory of form. Understanding the entire Kant’s theory and the use of his quadrants is perfectly possible if there is an excellent understanding of form. The first level analysis includes the stated interrelationship between matter and form that leads to the second level that has the entire interrelationship in four parts, but still of the two ways. The second part raises a lot of questions especially about the nature of the perspectives which is commonly identified as logical, transcendental, hypothetical and empirical. This is the reason the quadrants can have a relationship between the Subject and Forces of Nature. These quadrants have greatly enhance the method of study making it incredibly simple to comprehend. With reference to Max Horkheimer, his theoretical aspects were widely developed from aspects that were oriented at liberating human beings from conditions of slavery. Apparently, criticism entails the incorporation of values or principles in the orientation of judgment making in a bid to bring out positive changes altogether. The critical theory has many perspectives centering on the critical social science; there calls for the need to establish the actual experiences of people in a reality perspective. It is important to realize that critical thinking is developed from the basis and methodologies of other interpretive theories. The